See Also:
Inventory Turnover Ratio
Perpetual Inventory System
Just in Time Inventory System
Inventory to Working Capital Analysis
Value Drivers: Building Reliable Systems to Sustain GrowthJust-in-Time Inventory SystemThe just-in-time concept, or JIT, is a system of managing
inventory that is designed to improve efficiency and reduce waste in a production process, and minimize inventory carrying costs. The idea is to receive production inputs only as they are needed in the production process. To implement the just-in-time system, a company must establish tight coordination with its suppliers.
Ideally, a company employing the just-in-time system would have no on-hand inventory. It costs money to hold inventory. The just-in-time system aims to eliminate that cost. A production process using the just-in-time system would receive the correct type and quantity of material inputs at the precise time the inputs are needed in the production process. Depending on the process, the just-in-time system may require multiple material deliveries from suppliers per day. This system requires a closeness – in terms of profession relations as well as geographic proximity – with suppliers.
Advantages and Disadvantages
The primary advantage of the just-in-time system is the reduction of inventory carrying costs. If implemented correctly, it also improves operational efficiency and reduces waste. The primary disadvantage is the systems susceptibility to disruption. A defective input or a process break-down can be very problematic. This requires anticipation and correction of potential problems before they occur.
Push vs Pull SystemTraditional inventory and production systems are considered “push” systems. The just-in-time system is considered a “pull” system.
In a push system, the company forecasts demand, prepares a production schedule, and then orders inputs to begin the production process. The result is a build-up of inventory intended to be ready for sale and delivery to customers. Inventory is “pushed” through the system to the customer.
In a pull system, the company waits to receive a customer order. When the order comes in, the company requests only the necessary inputs for that particular order from its suppliers. Then the company makes the product. When complete, the company ships the product out to the customer. The inventory is “pulled” through the system by the customer order.